Skip to main content

Spending on Issue Advertising in the 108th Congress

Over $404 million was spent on broadcast and print issue advocacy during the 108th Congress, with business interests outspending citizen-based advocacy groups by more than five to one. APPC’s report, Legislative Issue Advertising in the 108th Congress, addresses these findings and many more.

Party Identification by State

Based on answers from registered voters throughout the 2004 National Annenberg Election Survey Kansas, Nebraska and Utah are the most Republican states; Maryland and West Virginia the most Democratic, and Massachusetts, Connecticut and Maine the most Independent.

2004: The Post-Election Debriefing

Not long after the 2004 presidential election, the Annenberg Public Policy Center gathered Democratic and Republic strategists for a debriefing and questions from scholars and the media. Day One (December 3) featured presentations by the two presidential campaigns. Matthew Dowd, Mark McKinnon, Alex Castellanos, Elizabeth Cheney, Tucker Eskew and Nicolle Devenish represented the Bush-Cheney campaign.